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In the media we always read about steroids. About the ?roid rage? the gyno, the bloat and other effects and side-effects.
Somewhere the authorities came to some senses and gave funds to Marilyn Y McGinnis from the University of Texas Health Science Center, to perform a study to the effect on different steroids.
The original funding period was :1998-02-20 - 2006-06-30 later a new study completed(?) the study. Is it usefull? I guess not, but its interesting. The research team has no direct knowledge about AAS use and stacking, nor about dosing, this is very clear, also keep in mind who provides the funds. What is very interesting is that the research makes a difference in the chemical composition of the steroids. It uses testosterone (though a long estrification makes much difference with a short estrification) a nor-19 variant the nandrolone and a androgenic variant the stanozolol, what I miss is a 17 mythelated compound an oral, especially in the stack, real bodybuilders always ?tickle? their liver. Also an anti-estrogen is used and would change the outcome, for the rest it is an interesting read. What the researchers don?t know is that expirienced users/bodybuilders always combine the more anbolic compounds with the more androgenic compounds to ?balance? their cycle. Unless they cycle for an distinct reason, like massbuilding, then mostly testosterone and methandienone is used. All in all refreshing and sometimes it brings a laugh on your face. The italic part is my comment and I hope you guys will participate in the discussion when I post it in the forum.
The overall goal of this research is to understand the impact of peripubertal AAS abuse on sociosexual and reproductive maturation. This is an important area of AAS research in view of recent data indicating that AAS abuse has risen in teenagers. Critical hormonal and neurological changes occur during puberty which are responsible for the development and expression of aggressive, sexual and sociosexual behaviors. As human studies often rely on subjective reports, a rat model is used to study AAS effects on behavior.
The aims of this project are to assess the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of AAS abuse in pubertal rats. Our work has focused on the individual effects of three commonly abused AAS, testosterone propionate , nandrolone and stanozolol . In adults we found that testsoterone propionate stimulates aggression, and a phase advance in circadian rhythms. In contrast, stanozolol suppresses aggression and sexual behavior. Because stanozolol is not aromatizable.
? Aim 1 will determine whether the suppressive effect of stanozolol on aggressive and reproductive behaviors is due to lack of estrogenic exposure. The results of this study will also demonstrate whether estrogen is required for development of sociosexual and aggressive behaviors in pubertal males.
? Aim 2 will assess whether the behavioral changes resulting from peripubertal AAS abuse are reversible. Since AAS users typically "stack" (combine) AAS,
? Aim 3 will determine whether 'stacking' ameliorates or exaggerates AAS effects on aggression and reproductive behavior. We previously found that testosterone induces an exaggerated response to physical provocation even toward non-threatening opponents.
? Aim 4 will examine whether this phenomenon extends to aggression toward females.
? Aim 5 will investigate whether serotonin plays a role in mediating AAS effects on aggression to delineate possible mechanisms underlying AAS effects on brain in juveniles. The fact that dynamic hormonal changes occur during puberty, and the brain is affected by these hormonal influences, emphasizes the need for more research on the effects of AAS exposure during adolescence.
Aggression in male rats receiving Anabolic Androgenic steroids: effects of social and environmental provocation
This study examined the effects of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on aggression under different social and environmental conditions. Three AAS were tested in gonadally intact male rats: testosterone propionate (TP), nandrolone (ND), and stanozolol (ST). Doses of 5 mg/kg were given 5 times/week (?? If you compare this to a normal guy of 100 kg), with gonadally intact controls receiving vehicle only (propylene glycol). Animals received six weekly tests under each condition in a counterbalanced order. Results show that the three AAS differed in their ability to elicit aggression. Males receiving TP were more aggressive than controls, ND males were similar to controls, and ST males were less aggressive than controls. In the social and environmental provocation tests TP-treated males were more aggressive than other groups, but were able to discriminate between intact and castrated opponents and between their home cage and a neutral cage. In the environmental provocation test, TP males were also more aggressive against opponents when tested in the opponent's home cage. It is suggested that chronic exposure to high levels of TP does not eliminate the ability to discriminate between social or environmental cues, as might be expected if it induces a ? roid rage.? However, TP does increase the likelihood that the animal will respond with aggression/dominance in a provoking situation. All three AAS variably affected serum testosterone and LH levels, as well as testes, seminal vesicle, and prostate weights. No effect on body weight was observed (What?? What did they feed them? Bodyweight increases with AAS use 1996 Bhasin et al )
to be continued see also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?t...22%5BAuthor%5D and participate if you like (interactive remember
)
Somewhere the authorities came to some senses and gave funds to Marilyn Y McGinnis from the University of Texas Health Science Center, to perform a study to the effect on different steroids.
The original funding period was :1998-02-20 - 2006-06-30 later a new study completed(?) the study. Is it usefull? I guess not, but its interesting. The research team has no direct knowledge about AAS use and stacking, nor about dosing, this is very clear, also keep in mind who provides the funds. What is very interesting is that the research makes a difference in the chemical composition of the steroids. It uses testosterone (though a long estrification makes much difference with a short estrification) a nor-19 variant the nandrolone and a androgenic variant the stanozolol, what I miss is a 17 mythelated compound an oral, especially in the stack, real bodybuilders always ?tickle? their liver. Also an anti-estrogen is used and would change the outcome, for the rest it is an interesting read. What the researchers don?t know is that expirienced users/bodybuilders always combine the more anbolic compounds with the more androgenic compounds to ?balance? their cycle. Unless they cycle for an distinct reason, like massbuilding, then mostly testosterone and methandienone is used. All in all refreshing and sometimes it brings a laugh on your face. The italic part is my comment and I hope you guys will participate in the discussion when I post it in the forum.
The overall goal of this research is to understand the impact of peripubertal AAS abuse on sociosexual and reproductive maturation. This is an important area of AAS research in view of recent data indicating that AAS abuse has risen in teenagers. Critical hormonal and neurological changes occur during puberty which are responsible for the development and expression of aggressive, sexual and sociosexual behaviors. As human studies often rely on subjective reports, a rat model is used to study AAS effects on behavior.
The aims of this project are to assess the behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of AAS abuse in pubertal rats. Our work has focused on the individual effects of three commonly abused AAS, testosterone propionate , nandrolone and stanozolol . In adults we found that testsoterone propionate stimulates aggression, and a phase advance in circadian rhythms. In contrast, stanozolol suppresses aggression and sexual behavior. Because stanozolol is not aromatizable.
? Aim 1 will determine whether the suppressive effect of stanozolol on aggressive and reproductive behaviors is due to lack of estrogenic exposure. The results of this study will also demonstrate whether estrogen is required for development of sociosexual and aggressive behaviors in pubertal males.
? Aim 2 will assess whether the behavioral changes resulting from peripubertal AAS abuse are reversible. Since AAS users typically "stack" (combine) AAS,
? Aim 3 will determine whether 'stacking' ameliorates or exaggerates AAS effects on aggression and reproductive behavior. We previously found that testosterone induces an exaggerated response to physical provocation even toward non-threatening opponents.
? Aim 4 will examine whether this phenomenon extends to aggression toward females.
? Aim 5 will investigate whether serotonin plays a role in mediating AAS effects on aggression to delineate possible mechanisms underlying AAS effects on brain in juveniles. The fact that dynamic hormonal changes occur during puberty, and the brain is affected by these hormonal influences, emphasizes the need for more research on the effects of AAS exposure during adolescence.
Aggression in male rats receiving Anabolic Androgenic steroids: effects of social and environmental provocation
This study examined the effects of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on aggression under different social and environmental conditions. Three AAS were tested in gonadally intact male rats: testosterone propionate (TP), nandrolone (ND), and stanozolol (ST). Doses of 5 mg/kg were given 5 times/week (?? If you compare this to a normal guy of 100 kg), with gonadally intact controls receiving vehicle only (propylene glycol). Animals received six weekly tests under each condition in a counterbalanced order. Results show that the three AAS differed in their ability to elicit aggression. Males receiving TP were more aggressive than controls, ND males were similar to controls, and ST males were less aggressive than controls. In the social and environmental provocation tests TP-treated males were more aggressive than other groups, but were able to discriminate between intact and castrated opponents and between their home cage and a neutral cage. In the environmental provocation test, TP males were also more aggressive against opponents when tested in the opponent's home cage. It is suggested that chronic exposure to high levels of TP does not eliminate the ability to discriminate between social or environmental cues, as might be expected if it induces a ? roid rage.? However, TP does increase the likelihood that the animal will respond with aggression/dominance in a provoking situation. All three AAS variably affected serum testosterone and LH levels, as well as testes, seminal vesicle, and prostate weights. No effect on body weight was observed (What?? What did they feed them? Bodyweight increases with AAS use 1996 Bhasin et al )
to be continued see also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?t...22%5BAuthor%5D and participate if you like (interactive remember
)
remember Al Capone. And maybe it brings in a lot of cash.
) and no problem and now there is the problem? And no one ask himself about the correlation between the 2 facts???
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